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Ottoman Crete
The island of Crete ()〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.geonames.de/coutr-ota-provinces.html )〕 was declared an Ottoman province (eyalet) in 1646, after the Ottomans managed to conquer the western part of the island as part of the Cretan War,〔 but the Venetians maintained their hold on the capital Candia until 1669, when Francesco Morosini surrendered the keys of the town.〔 By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters〕 The offshore island fortresses of Souda, Granbousa, and Spinalonga would remain under Venetian rule until in 1715, when they too were captured by the Ottomans.〔
Crete took part in the Greek War of Independence, but the local uprising was suppressed with the aid of Muhammad Ali of Egypt. The island remained under Egyptian control until 1840, when it was restored to full Ottoman authority. Following the Cretan Revolt of 1866–69 and especially the Pact of Halepa in 1878, the island received significant autonomy, but Ottoman violations of the autonomy statutes and Cretan aspirations for eventual union with the Kingdom of Greece led to the Cretan Revolt of 1897–98 and the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. Despite an Ottoman victory in the war, Crete became an autonomous state in 1898 because of intervention in favor of Greece by European powers and was united with Greece after the Balkan Wars.
==History==
(詳細はCretan War (1645–1669), Venice was pushed out of Crete by the Ottoman Empire. Most of the island fell in the first years of the war, but the capital Candia (Heraklion) held out during long siege which lasted from 1648 to 1669, possibly the longest siege in history. The last Venetian outposts, the island fortresses of Souda, Gramvousa and Spinalonga, fell in the Ottoman–Venetian War of 1714–1718.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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